Three Men in a cage - Russian Newspaper

announces the names of the laureates in medicine and physiology

Nobel Committee at Karolinska Medical Institute in Stockholm announced the names of the laureates in medicine and physiology. They were scientists from the United States, James Rothman, Randy Thomas and Shekman Zyudhof from Germany. The award was given for the important discoveries of how organized transport system cells.

To put

strictly scientific – for the opening of the “mechanism of regulation of vesicular traffic – the main transport system in our cells.” Each cell – is a factory that produces molecules and sends them to different parts of the body, says the Nobel Committee, commenting on the decision. For example, insulin in the blood is directed, while the signal substance supplied from one nerve cell to another. The molecules are transported in small packages which are called vesicles. So here are three Nobel laureates have discovered how these molecules are forwarded to the right place in the cell at the right time.

 

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noted that Randy Shekman identified a group of genes that are required for the transport of vesicles. James Rothman found that the vesicles deliver their cargo to the right place by fusion with the host membrane. Thomas Zyudhof set as signals direct the release of substances from the vesicles at the right time.

Randy Shekman (1948) studied at the universities of California and Stanford. Now – the University of California at Berkeley. At the Nobel Committee noted that it was opening Shekmana in 1980-1990, allowed the biotech industry “to take the service of” yeast, which today produce up to a quarter of the insulin, and 100 percent of the vaccine against hepatitis B. Many reputable doctors believe that problems in the mechanism of intracellular transport can be one of the mechanisms for the development of some forms of diabetes and hemophilia.

James Rothman two years younger than Shekmana. He worked at Harvard Medical School and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology before he began to study vesicle cells at Stanford University in California. Currently he is a professor of cell biology at Yale University. Zyudhof Thomas was born in 1955 in Goettingen in Germany. In 2008, a professor of cell and molecular physiology at Stanford University.

Direct speech

Sergei Kolesnikov, Advisor to the President of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Academy of Medical Sciences:

– Nobel Prize in Medicine in 2013 working in the field of so-called cell-mediated vesicular transport the last thirty years. They managed to uncover previously mysterious regulators, including the genetic mechanisms of education, transport and the role of vesicles (transport vesicles) in cell activity. These vesicles are not only deliver various agents into cells, but – more importantly – the conveyor products are synthesized within the cell (the same hormones, proteins) and waste materials.

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mechanisms identified by Nobel laureates, are universal, as discovered and proven in yeast cells and cells of the experimental warm-blooded animals. In addition to transport in the cell, these processes play a key role in cell fusion. They are described and modeled on various cells, including the endocrine and nervous. Cloned a number of genes for further research.

Works of James Rothman, Randy Thomas and Shekmana Zyudhofa offer an informed way to the regulation of cell metabolism and its disturbances in endocrine diseases, metabolic diseases, and especially in diseases of the nervous system such as autism, schizophrenia, Alzheimer’s disease.

Boris Kopnin, chief researcher at the Russian Cancer Research Center, Blokhin, Sc.D., Professor:

– As it turned out, the cells of which we are made, talking to each other, communicate with each other. They pass each other the information necessary for the normal functioning of all organs. One of the systems on which they communicate, releases itself from the special bubbles – vesicles. These vesicles are biologically active agents, including genetic information and control cells, the synthesis of various proteins. The opening of our colleagues from the United States and Germany, making it possible human intervention in the regulation of cell behavior, including cancer. In the future, it will create new possibilities in the treatment of cancer.

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Last year, the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine was awarded to a Japanese scientist Shinya Yamanaka for his work on stem cells and a British biologist John Gurdon for experiments on animal cloning. Russian scientists have received this award only twice – Ivan Pavlov in 1904 for his work on the physiology of digestion and Ilya Mechnikov in 1908 for the study of immunity. In 2012, the monetary size of the Nobel Prize has been reduced to 8 million euros (1.1 million dollars). Total 1901 to 2012 have been awarded the winner of 862 – 838 people and 24 organizations.