The Kremlin named winners of the annual award in the field of science and technology. The award-winning work in the field marked the origin of human biology and ecology, safety of nuclear reactors and ballistic missiles.
Friday learned the names of the winners of the annual State Prize in Science and Technology, which is 5 million. Decrees about it in the Malachite Room of the Kremlin read out the presidential aide Andrei Fursenko and a member of the Presidium of the Presidential Council for Culture and the Arts, presidential advisor Vladimir Tolstoy. This year, the prize awarded to ten people, one of the scientists – posthumously. Awards ceremony will be held in the Kremlin on Russia Day, June 12.
Denisovsky man
State award was deserved reward for the director of the Institute of Archeology and Ethnography of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences Academician Anatoli Derevianko, many years devoted to the study of ancient history in Eurasia and the formation of anatomically modern humans. According to Fursenko, the work of academician Derevjanko is “disruptive nature” and he was “the only archaeologist who has been invited to lecture at Harvard».
Denisova cave sheltered all
Scientists have decoded the human genome Denisovskoye. He was a brown-eyed brown-haired, and of modern people close to him, and the inhabitants of the Australian Aborigines … ?
on discoveries made in the famous Denisova cave with the direct participation of Academician Derevjanko, “Times” wrote repeatedly. In the mid-2000s in the cave on the border of the Altai Republic and Altai Krai were found the remains of ancient man , who was believed to have belonged Neanderthals. Radiocarbon dating found in the same layer of the archaeological remains possible to assign them to a period of 40 million years ago.
genome analysis of mitochondrial DNA found in the cave of the sample allowed to assume the existence of a previously unknown ancient human migration wave from Africa to Asia. “This is a very large, great discovery, and it’s very interesting,” – then said “Gazeta.ru” Derevjanko. To decrypt the mtDNA staff of the laboratory Svente Pääbo of the Leipzig Institute for Evolutionary Embryology of the Max Planck developed a special method of extraction and enrichment, which has already been tried previously to decrypt five Neanderthal mtDNA.
And in 2012, it was announced complete decoding of an extinct relative of a man , the so-called denisovtsa. “Our work with Academician Anatoly Derevianko and Professor Michael Shunkovym was just perfect. They have helped us immensely in the field work in the cave, “- said” the Newspaper “is one of the authors, David Reich of Harvard Medical School. Deciphering showed that denisovtsy most similar to modern Homo Sapiens c Melanesia and Aboriginal Australia. We denisovtsev was dark skin, brown eyes and dark hair.
During the announcement of the decree Fursenko said that the works of Academician Derevjanko published in the most prestigious international scientific journals, they “really change the presentation of the science of how evolution occurred, promotion of human».
Biology and Environmental Security
State Prize for superheavy
winner of the State Prize of the Russian Federation in the field of science and technology in 2010 were physics and Orientalists. Mikhail Itkis and Yuri Hovhannisyan … ?
State Prize in Science and Technology awarded to Academician Gleb Dobrovolsky (posthumously), Dmitry Pavlov and Andrey Adrianov for his work in the field of biology and environmental safety. Dobrovolsky not lived only two months before the ceremony (he died in Moscow on April 8 this year).
Dobrovolsky, Pavlov and Hadrian – well-known experts in the field of research concerns the conservation of biological diversity and ecological security.
Dobrovolsky was founder and first dean of the Faculty of Soil Science. His research interests include the genesis, morphology, geography and cartography, soil classification, evolution, and ecological functions. They were shown the new values ??of soils in natural systems, as well as the biosphere and human life, revealed the impact of soil to the atmosphere, lithosphere, land and sea water.
Academician Pavlov – the director of the Institute of Marine Biology of the A. Zhirmunsky Far Eastern Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, director of the Academy of Ecology, Marine Biology and Biotechnology. His work allowed to justify the comparative anatomical unity of modern and fossil golovohobotnyh worms in a single type. The scientist proposed and applied the methods of long-term monitoring of marine biodiversity in protected waters of the Far Eastern seas.
Hadrian – a specialist in the field of comparative morphology, developmental biology, phylogeny and systematics of invertebrates, marine biodiversity and ecology. He developed the modern principles of monitoring of marine fauna, including the waters with varying degrees of anthropogenic influence, successfully carried out deep-sea biological research using advanced robotic equipment.
Nuclear reactors
Five winners per prize
winner of the State Prize of the Russian Federation in the field of science and technology in 2009 were five people: the physicist and chemist from the Siberian … ?
George Karzai Yaroslav Shtrombakh and Alexei Oak – materials scientists, eminent specialists in the field of structural strength of materials for nuclear energy, as well as the physics and technology of nuclear installations. Awarded the State Prize marked their contribution to the creation of a new class of materials with high radiation resistance for cases of nuclear reactors and methods of extending the terms of their operation. One of the key elements of the nuclear power plant is the body of the nuclear reactor, the state of which depends on reliable and safe operation of the reactor. This determines the time of the power plant and nuclear power in general. Among the requirements to materials RPV most important – high resistance to radiation embrittlement.
Karzov been Deputy General Director – Head of Research and Production Complex Central Research Institute of Structural Materials “Prometheus”. Under his leadership, a new set of structural steel and welding materials for nuclear reactors, high security and resource. Karzov – author of 25 inventions, more than 290 scientific publications, including two books.
Shtrombakh – Deputy Director, National Research Centre “Kurchatov Institute” in the direction of nuclear technology – the director of the Kurchatov center of nuclear technology. Research interests are related to the research field of nuclear energy, reactor materials, radiation, solid state physics and nanotechnology. Kurchatov Institute, together with the “Rosatom” is currently engaged in the closure of the nuclear fuel cycle, and Shtrombakh takes in this process actively. He participated in the development of technology annealing VVER-1000 is needed to extend the life to 60 years or more.
Oak – Doctor of Technical Sciences, General Director of the NGO “Central Research Institute of Mechanical Engineering.” The laureates, highlighted by the State Prize, has developed a new cross-cutting technology of the reactor pressure vessel of the integrated blanks, which significantly reduces the number of weld joints and shortens the production cycle of the reactor vessel.
missile system “Yars»
«Satan” will continue to serve his country
heavy strategic missile RS-20 “Governor”, NATO classifies as “Satan”, will remain in service with the Russian army … ?
Yefim Mezhiritsky, Sergey Nikulin and Victor Shurigin awarded the State Prize for the creation of strategic missile systems “Yars”. Conducted by scientists work allowed to create and put into service a promising missile system that has greater resilience. It provides the basis for grouping Missile Forces.
solid-fuel ICBM strategic mobile home with a separating warhead RS-24 (PGRK “yars”) has been developed using the latest achievements of Soviet science and technology. The missile is a deep modernization of the missile complex “Topol-M”. In the long term to replace the standing armed ICBM PC-18 and PC-20 and up, along with the “Topol-M” based strike group SRF.
is now ready to re on this complex and Novosibirsk Kozelskaya missile compound as well as preparing for re the first missile regiment Tagil missile division.
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