Astronomers have discovered three new way to search for planets around other stars. Open “planet Einstein” was superheated gas giant.
In search of planets orbiting around other stars, astronomers are trying to find and new ways to detect them. To do this, they are looking for subtle effects that the planets affect the behavior of their parent stars. Today, the most effective way of opening exoplanets – radial velocity method, based on the tracking of the stars in the slightest variations in the beat of their rotation around their common center of mass. In this case, most of the candidates in the method gives an exoplanet transits – Search in the light curves of stars periodic failures associated with the passage of the planets in stellar disks.
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other methods that also bring some results, though not as efficacious, and they rely on more subtle effects, the outstanding presence of planets. These include gravitational lensing, which exoplanets pass themselves or their gravitational effects on other, already discovered planets.
The new method proposed by scientists at the University of Tel Aviv and the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics (USA), is based on a much more subtle effects, including those resulting from the general theory of relativity. According to the complexity can be compared with the task to determine the number of passengers on the train by the nature of its fluctuations on uneven paths.
«We are looking for subtle effects. We need ultra-precise definition of the brightness of stars with an accuracy of one-millionth “- says David Letam, co opening , accepted for publication in The Astrophysical Journal.
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planet Kepler-76b, found thanks to the data from the telescope Kepler, looking for transits by exoplanets have been found not by transit, and the new method proposed by astronomer Avi Loeb and his colleague Scott Gaudi, relying rhinestones on three effects.
first – brightening of a relativistic (or relativistic aberration of light), which consists in a weak increase in the brightness of the object approaching the Earth, and the weakening of light when moving away from us. “For the first time this aspect of Einstein’s theory of relativity proved useful in the discovery of the planet” – says co-author Zevi Mazekh from the University of Tel Aviv.
second effect is that the scientists were looking for – pulling star due to the gravitational pull of the planet and finds the shape of melon. Turning to us, “spicy” side, the star appears fainter, and, turning, getting brighter.
The third effect is due to the fact that the light of the planet gives a small addition to the overall light curve. Applying a special mathematical algorithm BEER (BEaming, Ellipsoidal, and Reflection / emission), designed to look for these three effects to the light curves of several stars received the telescope Kepler observatory and CoRoT, scientists discovered planet Kepler-76b, orbits a star of spectral type F 2 thousand light-years from Earth in the constellation Cygnus. The fact that the planet is indeed found, it was later verified by the radial velocity on the ground-based telescope in the observatory in Arizona.
«Planet of Einstein,” as scientists call it, is a gas giant, it orbits the star in just 1.5 days. A quarter of the planet Jupiter is superior in size and twice as heavy as him.
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Scientists have found that this “hot Jupiters” because of the powerful tide turned for good on one side to its sun, the temperature is always on the surface is about 2 million degrees Celsius. Scientists have calculated that, thanks to the powerful heat of the stars on the planet blow powerful streams of gas, which transfer heat from the day side. Because of this, the hot spot – not that that is exactly “a star”, and the point, offset by 17 thousand kilometers away.
Although the new method is not able to assist in the detection of Earth-like planets, it gives astronomers new opportunities. In contrast to the radial velocity method that it does not require the spectrum of the star, and, unlike the transit method does not require the eclipse stars planets. “Every way of hunting for planets has its own strengths and weaknesses. And each new technique allows us to search for new modes of the planet, “- said Loeb.
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