At the accelerator at CERN could not be opened by the Higgs boson. What could it be, “the Newspaper” said MSU graduate, and now – a professor at the University of Southampton, Alexander Belyaev.
– Alexander, in article you say that at the LHC could not be detected by the Higgs boson of the Standard Model, but something else. Recall, earlier than was founded belief that it is the Higgs boson?
– Firstly, Peter Higgs predicted the existence of a scalar particle with spin zero, which interacts with the vector fields. As the universe cooled Higgs field condenses, the condensate and is a measure of mass, which, as it clings to all particles which interact with the Higgs boson, and ensures their weight. Before the experiment at the LHC has been calculated as the Higgs particle must be born in the collision of protons.
And it happened that the number of births in the experiment is consistent with the prediction of particles in the range 10-30% and is within the expected statistical error.
The belief that it is Higgs boson, based on the number of events that should correspond to calculations based on the standard model, as well as the angular distribution of its decay products, which indicates that the zero spin of the particle is not equal to 1 or 2.
– Why do you think that this might not be the Standard Model Higgs?
– the Higgs boson, which we discovered is not only consistent with the Standard Model, but also with other theories, such as the technicolor theories.
If QCD describes hadrons, quarks, gluons, the technicolor theory says that instead they have techniquarks, technigluons and technihadrons masses are about a thousand times harder.
In fact, it’s the same with particles chromodynamics three orders of magnitude harder. In this theory techniquarks form bound states, similar to how quarks form mesons massive particles. And the Higgs in this theory – actually tehnimezon, composite scalar particle, the Higgs boson similar to the standard model, and has exactly the same properties. Based on the theory of technicolor, we calculated the properties of the Higgs techno, and calculated the deviations from the Standard Model. We came to the conclusion that perhaps was not opened an elementary Higgs boson, a composite consisting of techniquarks that make up the technicolor model.
But the mechanism by which other particles acquire mass, similar to the one that describes the behavior of the Higgs boson in the Standard Model.
– All known today particles described by the Standard Model. We find there a single particle described this exotic technicolor theories?
– Not yet, finding them we are now doing, including collaboration in CMC, of which I am a member. Just the nature of the boson, which is found, is not completely clear, since its properties are measured not stand the accuracy with which we would like. For the Standard Model to be another theory, more general. Such a theory can be technicolor theory, the theory of supersymmetry or extra dimensions. The fact that the standard model has a number of problems.
For example, it does not predict the dark matter that we observe.
And in technicolor stable neutral meson can be a good candidate for dark matter. This will be the most dark matter that we can see, but the nature of which we can not understand.
– Can experimentally determine the Higgs boson, we opened or not?
– Yes. To do this more accurately fathom the properties of the Higgs boson, not at the level of 10-30%, and at least 1%. But you need more power and more collision statistics, and need to increase the intensity of the beam collisions is called luminosity. When we increase the energy of the LHC is almost 2 times, up to 13 TeV, increase the intensity of the beams, it is a sufficient statistics to improve the accuracy. But the accuracy will not exceed 5%, and this lack of precision.
The properties of the Higgs boson could be trying on Linear Collider, the creation of which has long scientists say. Four years ago, we even wrote a letter to the government of Russia, in that it did not respond. We propose to build such a collider in Dubna.
Just note that the Olympics was worth 10 such colliders.
We proposed to create a new generation of university on the basis of the western, and the launch of a certain major project that would attract all – and the best scientists in the world, and Russian scientists have raised science to another level. Just as the space program at the time of the USSR raised to a high level.
– If we assume that you will be right, Peter Higgs will have to surrender his prize?
– No, of course. Because the idea of the Higgs mechanism works even in technicolor. Just the nature of this particle has almost no influence on the idea. The nature of the Higgs boson is not quite clear and quite consistent with the theory of technicolor.
– How did you get in the West?
– In 1993 I graduated from the Physics Department of Moscow State University, Department of High energies. In 1997 I went to two years in Brazil, then I spent 8 years in the United States. Then I was invited to the UK to participate in the contest, I won it and got a permanent position here at the University of Southampton, and recently I became a professor.
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