Despite the rebirth of nature, the consequences of the Chernobyl “experiment” will haunt us decades
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The biologist Sergey Gashchak of Chornobyl Center for Nuclear Safety, Radioactive Waste and Radioecology said an interview with BBC BBC , that getting fotodokazatelstv visiting the area for a long time missing the brown bear – a real discovery for Ukraine they unique. But the most important factor in restoring nature and wildlife around the place where in 1986 there was a nuclear accident – is, of course, the lack of people, said in an exclusive interview «MKRU-Science” Doctor of Biological Sciences from the Moscow Institute of Developmental Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences Alexey Kulikov.
“As a result of” unintentional experiment “is unlikely there will be new species or revive extinct”.
Photo: www.chornobyl.net + Sergey Gashchak + bbc.co.uk.
According to Sergei Gashchak, despite the radiation at Chernobyl appear unique species of animals and birds. There is a growing number of Moose , Deer , Wolves , lynx , raccoon dogs , wild boars, and Przewalski horses , which were brought here in the nineties. In the lenses of camera traps get rare black storks from the Red Book . In the village of Red in the north zone, where almost the strongest radiation, scientists have found the path of animals.
In the 1990s in Russia successfully carried out a program for the reintroduction of animals in the Bryansk forests, and this contributed to the arrival of bears in the area. “The first traces of a bear my colleagues and I have recorded in 2003, but then these materials did not believe” – complained Gashchak . Prove the appearance of new technologies have allowed the bears. “Brown bear fixed our photo-traps in the western part of the zone. For several years I changed the areas where they arranged the, and that’s good luck,” – admires Gashchak. Photo-traps automatically remove all heat-producing objects that move at a distance of 15 meters. According to this Ukrainian enthusiast, there are many in the area of ”Red Book” of black storks, who love to settle away from people. In the exclusion zone recorded 14 species of bats, three of which are included in the international “Red Book”, “giant s eating”, “Barbastella” and “Pond bat”.
But the most important factor in restoring nature and wildlife around the place where in 1986 there was a nuclear accident – is, of course, the lack of people, explained in an interview «MKRU-Science” Doctor of Biological Sciences from the Moscow Institute of Developmental Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences Alexey Kulikov .
«Nature has large reserves of strength, says Russian biologist. And, perhaps, the anthropogenic factor – it is one of the most destructive. Man destroys ecosystems and support the one that he is profitable. Around plants and cities formed zone “secondary forest”: depleted landscape where some species dies, a part – are becoming rare. In Chernobyl, in the absence of man is to restore normal habitat (from the Greek. Βίος – life and τόπος – place. – «MKRU» ) ».
At the same time, keeps a scientist from Moscow, if a man will not work on the local ecosystem, the consequences of radiation, of course, affect. We are talking about an additional factor mutogeneza. At Chernobyl beings at the molecular level will be significant changes: in the gene pool of all kinds of harmful mutations will be formed. Although, of course, any population is able to cope even with a 90 percent extinction. Formally, the Chernobyl disaster will affect what appears significantly larger variety of neutral mutations. Harmful mutations will occur continuously, but will be discarded.
According to Kulikov, repair systems are able to restore normal gene, when there is no transcendent intensity radiation. Fortunately, the radiation at Chernobyl Fund falls …
– Species that come back and still come back to Chernobyl facilities here, and restore the ecosystem, I’m sure the doctor of biology. The first selection will be carried out on the subject of reparations opportunities (ie, the ability to recover after easing stress factor. – «MKRU» ). We know, for example, that in Kamchatka, Sakhalin, in other places there are outputs of radon sources. That is where a fairly high background radiation. And there is absolutely normal flora, fauna. Sakhalin and Kamchatka occurs, of course, gigantism. After all, there go the thermal waters and increased background radiation. In those places plants several times more “own” value. Accordingly variability allows gigantism.
According to the biologist, as a result of “unintentional experiment” (the term “MKRU”) is unlikely there will be new species or revive extinct. There is another case like NSE, where anthropogenic factor took an active part:
– Speech on the drying of the Aral Sea. The climate there is more arid (dry. – «MKRU» ), Russian expert says. The fact that the Amu Darya and Syr Darya became shallow abruptly, due, apparently, was not only drought, but also to the fact that a significant portion was diverted to farmland. Since everything was done ignorantly, all turned into salt marshes (soil type, characterized by the presence in the upper levels of soluble salts in amounts that hinder the development of most plants. – «MKRU» ). There is a very good experience in Israel, where water is supplied in portions, and through all kinds of porous tubes specially padded. And the water does not penetrate into the deep layers and does not cause elevation salt. And we just ditches filled with water: how many there are – there are so many. And all this is impregnated to deeper layers, where salt deposits went. Now these land use, alas, can not.
So, in the Aral many animals died. Were digging clams, which previously went under the sand. And now cleared for them ecological niches. They have changed the form of the shell, the form of the legs, which they repel each other and through which the tension is provided. and , according to paleontologists, such changes are needed for millions of years, although it has happened in the decade .
According to Alexey Kulikova, Chernobyl is waiting for a high variability, although flying crocodiles appears. But, for example, an insect that previously ran along the ground, it can start to climb plants or flit from branch to branch. “This can work, but not at once».
The Japanese in the case of its nuclear tragedy (Hiroshima and Nagasaki) is much deeper review and consider the consequences of the disaster than we. They noted in their reinforced mutogenez, congenital, hereditary diseases. On the human population of the nuclear drama impacted long enough. In men, it is an effect on spermatogenesis and subsequent generations were forced to carry the offense. And for women it affected oogenesis (the development of the female reproductive cells). Mutations can be shown in the second generation.
«The consequences of a nuclear disaster will exist for a long time and disrupt the formation of normal sperm and eggs. This effect lasted for decades in Japan, and the same applies to Chernobyl. But then it would disappear quietly ».
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In conclusion, it is worth remembering and about apocalyptic scenarios of nuclear catastrophe. “Post-nuclear war what that species can, but people are not,” said Dr. Biology Kulikov. As the model, this will lead to a nuclear winter. If you save at least a moderate climate in the tropics, the Earth is easy enough, through some tens or hundreds of thousands of years to recover. If it is global cooling when everything is covered with ice crust, it appears to remain only the simplest bacteria and everything will start to some extent again.
“Although in general, life – a piece fairly stable “.
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