“advanced spacecraft” Glonass-K “(serial production is scheduled to begin this year – ed.) Under the technical project designed mainly on the basis of imported electronic components, – says Tyulin. – Because one of the requirements was to use the component base search space (ie, radiation-resistant). Now, rather than risk the maintenance of the orbital group of “Glonass”, we produce the required number of devices with this design documentation, and in parallel are developing new spacecraft to domestic electronic component database. It is not reserve “on the shelf”, but the real work that we have developed in conjunction with the “ISS” Reshetnev “.
According Tyulina,” RKS “keen to abandon the use of foreign electronic components (ECB) as a quickly.
“We are in a very tight job with the Russian electronics industry: find out what we can expect and in what timeframe. Last year, the Federal Space Agency signed an agreement with the Ministry of Industry of the Russian Federation on cooperation. And we are really cooperating very closely, “- said the head of” RKS “.
The largest designer and manufacturer of ECB in Russia is holding” Roselectronika “now unites 112 companies, research institutes and design bureaus. Director General” Roselectronika ” Andrei Zverev told “Izvestia” that the program of intensive import substitution is not only the system “GLONASS”.
“As part of the development strategy of the holding company is planned that by 2019, 80% of electronic components payloads will domestic production, – said Zverev. – To this end, a total investment of holding “Roselectronika” to 2020 will exceed 210 billion. Rubles, including provides for modernization of industrial sites, which produced ECB for space “.
Now the serial Russian satellites ECB foreign share ranged from 25 to 75% in the share of imported advanced machines parts exceeds 90% (for example, in the apparatus of “Glonass-K”). In this case, most of the satellites used in the ECB or produced in the United States or in the United States developed.
US exports (including part of US, such as authenticated or set-up in the US) parts for the systems of military and dual-regulated by ITAR (International Traffic in Arms Regulations) – a set of rules established by the US government for export of goods and defense-related services.
In accordance with the rules of ITAR, Export categories ECB military (for military systems) and space (radiation-resistant components) in the Russian Federation is possible with the permission of the US State Department.
Until the summer of 2013, Americans watched the ECB for the Russian delivery of dual-use quite loyal, and Russian companies purchased ECB regulated under ITAR, about $ 2 billion. annually in the interests of the aerospace industry. In the summer of 2013 in the United States and Russia, there have been disagreements – was a scandal with Edward Snowden, as the country split in assessments of events taking place in Syria. Cooling relations soon affected the mode of supply of dual-purpose: in 2013 the State Department has not authorized the supply of components for the spacecraft, “Geo-IK-2″.
In the past year amid Ukrainian conflict, the situation is even more complicated: Americans began to prohibit the supply, and for scientific spacecraft. Thus, the British company E2V failed to get permission to import equipment for the Russian space observatory “Spektr-UV”.
The Russian enterprises began to look for a replacement kit in the US, Europe and China, and at the government level, adopted a program of import substitution providing including recreation industries ECB lost 90 of the last century.
“In the 1990s, when he created the first generation of satellites” Glonass “, were banned for use in our military system of import accessories – says scientific director of the Institute of Space Policy, Ivan Moiseyev. – After the ban was removed, and our designers were built entirely of foreign satellites ECB than themselves are now forced into a difficult situation. If you take 4 years and replace 90% of foreign parts in satellite “Glonass-K” on the domestic, we are, I’m afraid, will get the satellite should not be, as the previous generation. So here it is important to strike a balance, do not rely exclusively on imported yesterday, and tomorrow exclusively on domestic. A defined set of critical technologies necessary to develop themselves, but some things you can buy not only in the United States, to acquire abroad, it being understood that it is permissible to buy from foreign partners “.
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