26.12 | 16:55
Today is the 190th anniversary of the largest political statements by representatives of the Russian nobility in St. Petersburg, which went down in history as “the revolt of the Decembrists».
The main goals of the uprising was to overthrow the autocracy the introduction of representative government, the abolition of serfdom and the adoption of the constitution.
It should be noted that the methods of the Decembrists were significantly different from the previous conspiracies and palace coups. They are very long and well-prepared uprising and precisely defined time performance – the death of the Emperor Alexander I, when the country there was anarchy. Since renunciation legitimate heir to the throne – the Crown Prince Constantine, kept secret, the army and state structures swore allegiance to Constantine Pavlovich. However, he did not take the throne. Only after the second failure of the reign of Constantine 24 dekabrya1825 was signed a manifesto on the accession to the throne of the third son of Emperor Paul I – Nicholas. December 26, has been appointed oath of Nicholas I. This short period of time and has been used mezhtsarstvovaniya Decembrists. They hoped to prevent the troops and the Senate to take the oath to Nicholas I, and get the support of the guards units. At the same time planning to take control of the Winter Palace and the Peter and Paul Fortress, followed by the arrest of the royal family. Leaders of the uprising was appointed Prince Sergei Troubetzkoy. Following these steps planned by the Senate of the popular edition of the manifesto proclaims “the destruction of the former government” and the establishment of an interim government. The deputies of the Senate were to adopt the constitution.
The Manifesto suggested the following: the establishment of the interim government, the abolition of serfdom, the equality of all classes before the law and democratic freedoms (press, religion, work), the introduction of jury trials, compulsory military service for all classes, the election officials, the abolition of the poll tax.
Next was to be convened constituent assembly to determine the future form of government – a constitutional monarchy or a republic.
December 26 to the Senate Square St. Petersburg officers brought more than three thousand soldiers and Moscow Grenadier Regiment of Guards and sailors sea crew. However, the plans of the Decembrists was not to be.
Nicholas I had been previously warned about the impending coup, so the senators were sworn in to the new emperor in the early morning. As a result, the area came out not all of the planned military unit, the head of the uprising Sergei Troubetzkoy not even out of the area. All this has caused confusion among the rebels. They long to choose a new leader, and this took Nicholas I: the square were drawn loyal troops. The negotiations for the surrender of weapons was met with refusal of the rebels, was killed at the same time the governor-general of St. Petersburg Mikhail Miloradovich. Nicholas I gave the order to open fire on the insurgents. By the evening of the same day the rebellion was suppressed. Those arrested were interrogated himself Decembrists Nikolai I. The investigation was conducted in secret.
A total of 579 people involved. Pavel Pestel, Muravyov-Apostol, Mikhail Bestuzhev-Ryumin, Kondraty Rileyev Peter Kakhovsky were sentenced to be quartered, replaced by Nicholas I hanging. 121 people were sentenced to various penalties, including, to exile in Siberia.
In 1856, 30 years later, the new Emperor Alexander II his manifesto amnesty Decembrists and allowed them to return from Siberia.
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