for the country’s leadership and the military in Russia are planning to create a new system of secret satellite communications. On its creation due on Thursday, August 14 reported the newspaper “Izvestia” with reference to the draft Federal Space Program (FCP) in the 2016-2025 year.
The project involves the development of the space complex “Ellipse”, consisting of four spacecraft in highly elliptical orbit. Cost of such a complex in the 65.6 billion rubles.
The new system will operate on the basis of a new generation of spacecraft “Messenger-M1″ and “M2-messenger.” To do this, the budget will allocate 43.6 billion rubles. It is planned that the complex “Ellipse” will consist of four satellites,
The capacity of the new system in 2020 will be up to 80 Gbit / day, in 2025, the ninth year – up to 120 Gbit / day. She will serve at once to a million high-speed terminals. According to the president of “satellite system” messenger » Dmitry Bakanova , look promising device” messenger-M1 “has not yet been approved. We only know that satellite fleet of 24 vehicles will provide a link to the entire territory of the Earth.
At this point in the Russian data a system of “Messenger”, developed during the Soviet era.
Among the public users of the system:
- Russian Foreign Intelligence Service
- Russian Federal Security Service
- Joint Arctic squadron of the Russian FSB
- Ministry of Defense
- Navy.
What is the system of “messenger»?
«The messenger” – Russian multi-purpose personal satellite communication system that is based on low-orbiting spacecraft. The system, which was originally called the “Arrow”, was created in the interest of military intelligence.
In 1960, the Soviet Union began construction of the experimental system of space-based communications LEO satellites. Implement a project started by the Dnepropetrovsk OKB-586 (now – GKB “Southern” name Yangel), and then the project was transferred to the DB-10, now known as JSC “Information Satellite Systems” named after MF Reshetnev. Also participated in the development of Omsk Production Association “Flight”.The first users of the system have become scouts – namely, the KGB and the Main Intelligence Directorate of the General Staff of the Armed Forces.
The launches of spacecraft “Arrow” held regularly since 1964, and in 1965 they were replaced by larger machine “Strela-2″.
In the early 1980s, commissioned by the Main Intelligence Directorate (GRU) in the NPO Reshetnev developed spacecraft SCS “Strela-3″. And in 1985 was put into orbit its new modification – “Strela-3M».
In the early 1990s, placed in orbit by 12 “Arrows” in the year, but soon ran out of funding, and since 1995 launch was suspended.
After that, the system began to be used for civilian purposes. Adapted for civilian use satellite phones called “Messenger”.
In 1998, on the initiative of the Russian Aerospace Agency was established by the organization of JSC “Satellite system” Messenger “. The company has been designated as the main developer of the space system and the operator’s manual and service space communications.
Now the “Messenger” operates five satellites, two of them are quite old. Total orbit was deduced nine spacecraft, seven of them at different times have been decommissioned. Total system, there should be 12 This amount is needed to cover the country with certain parameters of communication.
The company “Satellite system” Messenger “hopes to increase the number of orbiting spacecraft. In August 2010, developers have proposed the creation of a Russian satellite communication system based on 48 low-orbit satellites.
While it is planned that by 2015, the orbital fleet will consist of 14 spacecraft “Messenger-M” (12 are in operation, 2 spares). In the presence of 12 units maximum waiting time throughout the territory of the Russian Federation will be 15 minutes, and the commissioning of a new series of satellites “Messenger-M1″ and increase the number to 24, the waiting time will be reduced to zero.
What other satellite communication is for Russia?
«Meridian»
«Meridian” – a series of Russian communications satellites dual-designed NPO Academician MF Reshetnev commissioned by the Ministry of Defense. Launches of spacecraft from the Baikonur produced “Plesetsk” using rocket “Soyuz-2″.
The system is a dual-purpose satellite, it is used in both military and civilian purposes, such as:
- to link ships and aircraft
- ice reconnaissance in the area of the Northern Sea Route
- expanding the network of satellite communications in the northern regions of Siberia and the Far East.
Running system was implemented to replace the three different communication systems:
- «Molniya-3»,
- «Molniya-1»
- «Sail”.
«GLONASS»
Global Navigation Satellite System (GLONASS) – Soviet and Russian satellite navigation system developed for the Ministry of Defence. Development of GLONASS began in the USSR in 1976.
Initially, this project was created for the military, but to date day the system is used for a person to be able to set your location anywhere on the planet Earth. It is actively used by travelers and motorists.
More information on the system, see Help & gt; & gt;
«Arctic»
Roskosmos signed with NGO named Lavochkin a contract to build the first phase of a multi-purpose space system “Arctic”. “Arktika-M” – is the first step in creating a system that will not only monitor the environment, but will also provide telephone service. Currently, the meteorological data is obtained mainly from the group of international meteorological geostationary satellites that scan at high latitudes of the Earth are ineffective, because they are located above the equator. All work on the development of satellites should be completed by 25 November 2015. The first satellite is scheduled to launch in 2015, the second – in 2017. And in 2018 and 2020 plans to launch two more satellites in this series.
ESAs
the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation is currently used ESAs-2 (Uniform System of Satellite Communications – 2), established in 1980-1990 to replace outdated ESAs -1. Currently ESAS-2 also does not meet the current requirements of the system of command and control, and the ability to improve its performance, according to experts, are completely exhausted.
Since 2002, the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation used the station a new generation of “Liven¬L “” Legenda¬MD “,” Belozer “,” Centaur “,” pendant “and others.
From the beginning of the 2000s, there is a development of the third generation – ISSS (Integrated satellite communication system). The system should be fully launched in 2015.
ISSS will be part of the Unified Automated digital communication system of the Armed Forces.
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