As the child’s brain responds to the mother’s voice – BBC

The passive behavior, unwillingness to interact with others, isolation – all the things that a few decades ago was considered character traits, is now among the signs of autism spectrum disorders (ASD). The results of statistical surveys, which were conducted in the US show a disappointing trend: in 2012, the PAC was diagnosed in one child out of 88, in 2014 – from 68 last year, a mark reached 45

The Russian statistics is not yet publicly available

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to cope with the problems of socialization is possible unless disorder diagnosed at an early age and continue to engage with doctors and teachers. Kids can turn his head toward the sound source on average since two months after birth. With half a year, as the scientists advise, parents should carefully observe the visual and auditory responses. To diagnose autism in children, doctors are able to from the 18th month of life.

a large number of scientific studies have been conducted PAC Over the past ten years. They are united by a common goal – to find a way as soon as possible adaptation of children in society. Some of these studies is supported by a specially created organization Autism Speaks . Recently, in order to ascertain the level of social activity of the child in the age of reason, American neuroscientists and psychiatrists from Stanford University attempted to determine the areas of the brain that are most quickly respond to familiar voices. The entire course of scientific work in more detail is set out in the latest issue of the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

According to the results of the study, the researchers accounted for neurobiological sample average social development, deviation from which will help determine the features of mental disorders

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in studies 24 children took part in age from seven to twelve years with no mental disorders. The children had to listen to a short, meaningless words written by their biological mothers. Please scientists say a meaningless set of sounds quite reasonable: it gave the opportunity to test the perception of sounds, not speech. For the purity of the experiment, researchers invited two women, strangers young participants, whose voices are also recorded. The situation is reminiscent of an episode of the fairy tale “The Wolf and the Seven Little Kids”, “Your voice in my mother does not like you voice thick false eat!” By the way, as it turned out, a baby and could not learn to write the voice of his mother

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After studying pictures functional magnetic resonance imaging, US researchers have received a set of interrelated parts of the brain of children, who are equally quick to react to the mother’s voice. Active temporal lobes did not discovery for scientists, because that is where the primary auditory cortex. Neurobiology, rather, it was interesting to compare whether there are differences in the rate of reaction on the mother and other people’s voices. Temporal lobe, located in both hemispheres, often referred to as interpretive, as they are responsible for processing information that convey different senses. There is, and the hippocampus, which forms the memories of the resulting visual or auditory images. By the way, the brain region in the temporal lobes is largely responsible for the socialization of the person. For example, thanks to the superior temporal sulcus we respond to other people’s emotional state, distinguish intonations of voice and know each other in the crowd. The amygdala (amygdala or amygdala) controls emotions and decide when it is appropriate to laugh or cry, melt or get mad.

Voices of strange women, as opposed to the parent, prompted particularly active once the two – left and right – the tonsils, which are to all other causes fear and irritation

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Quickly respond to the mother’s voice is not only the temporal lobes. It was noted that, “hearing” it, immediately activated the orbitofrontal cortex in the frontal lobes. This bark is believed to researchers, it helps to build our behavior depending on the expected reward or punishment. Also, as they say scientists at the mother’s voice immediately revoked the nucleus accumbens of the so-called pleasure centers in the limbic cortex. By the way, in 2012, a team led by Leslie Seltzer held a similar study among school girls vozrasta.Togda it was found that the maternal voice sounds reduce stress in girls and increase the release of oxytocin, the hormone of “love, friendship and trust ».

Next to the pleasure center in the brain is a” reward system. ” It was found that the mother’s voice vibrations synchronize the brain regions responsible for hearing and vision, and the “reward system”, which is located in the department of the midbrain. How to tell the scientists, this complex neurons become especially active if a person expects rewards. Thus, the “reward system” is also responsible for the adaptation of society: in normal operation the midbrain neurons man is able to clearly understand the situation and so build their behavior and relationships with others to achieve the desired goals more

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