Physicists at the international collaboration LIGO (Laser Interferometric Gravitational Observatory) experiment found the space-time wave. The opening, in which the great contribution made by Russian scientists claim to be a breakout year. “To Lenta.ru” tells all you need to know about this event.
What it is discovered
Physicists recorded directly gravitational waves. It was September 14, 2015 at 05:51 am EST summer time (13:51 Moscow time) on two detectors LIGO observatories.
They were bred two black holes (29 and 36 times heavier Sun) in the last fraction of a second before they merge into a massive rotating object gravity (62 times heavier than the Sun). For a split second about three solar masses turned into gravitational waves, the maximum radiation power which was about 50 times greater than that of the entire visible universe. Merging black holes occurred 1.3 billion years ago (so long gravitational perturbations propagate to the Earth).
What is important
First, the physicists first directly recorded gravity waves. Previously, it was possible to make only indirectly by observing pulsars loss of energy. Second, the general theory of relativity, formulated in 1915 by Albert Einstein, was again confirmed. Third, scientists have once again proved the existence of black holes. The experiments of physicists perfectly explained by current theoretical models.
Fourth, physics, astronomers have shown the possibility of space exploration with the help of gravity. Until now, the basic information about distant objects scientists prepared electromagnetic bands (optical, X-ray, infrared and ultraviolet). The main initiative to create LIGO came from physicists, while astronomers preferred to continue space exploration with conservative methods.
Why open
Increasing the sensitivity of gravitational wave antennas may opening a plurality of space-time wave sources. For this purpose, it can be upgraded existing and new gravitational observatory open. Progress in the emerging new way of space exploration limits the cost of gravitational observatory
(LIGO cost about $ 370 million). In the future, with the help of gravitational wave antennas can accurately measure the accelerated expansion of the universe, to evaluate the performance of existing cosmological models check the deviation from the spherical form neutron stars and find (if they exist) cosmic strings – dimensional space-time defects arising after the Big Bang
What is the gravitational wave
a gravitational wave is a space-time fluctuations – in other words, spreading ripples in it: if the ball on Capron begins a periodic movement, the nylon acting in this analogy of space-time will also start to hesitate. Waves from moving in the center of caproic surface of the ball will be distributed. It is they who are the counterparts of gravitational perturbations.
The massive body placed in space-time, causing its curvature. In particular, the trajectory of the light beam propagating close to the heavy object is curved on the straight. The effect has been experimentally confirmed. Intuitively, this can be represented by placing a heavy ball on a stretched nylon: it will cause a deflection of the flat caproic surface, which in this case is the space-time analogy
What is a black hole
In 1916, a German scientist, Karl Schwarzschild found the first solution of the equations of Einstein’s general theory of relativity. It describes the gravitational field created by the centrally symmetric distribution of mass with zero electric charge. That decision contained the so-called gravitational radius of the body that determines the size of the object with a spherically symmetric distribution of matter, which are not able to leave the photons (moving with light quanta of the electromagnetic field speed).
thus determined Schwarzschild sphere is identical to the concept of the event horizon and limited its massive object – a black hole. Described by Schwarzschild black hole is static, that is stationary (non-rotating). The nature of such holes, apparently, no. Almost any real black hole will be rotating and have a non-zero charge (it is enough that it swallowed at least one charged elementary particles). The rotating charged black hole was first described by Roy Kerr, who in this newly won Krafforda.
Whose credit
LIGO Observatory is a gravitational-wave antenna formed two identical detectors, located in Livingston (Louisiana) and Hanford (Washington) in the United States at a distance of more than three thousand kilometers from each other.
Studies LIGO carried out in the framework of the eponymous collaboration of more than a thousand scientists from the United States and 14 other countries, including Russia, which is represented by two groups from the Lomonosov Moscow state University Lomonosov Moscow State University and the Institute of Applied Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Nizhny Novgorod)
Andrey Borisov
Source: Lenta.ru
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