Nobel Week opens in Stockholm – Sight

in Stockholm on Monday opened the 113th Nobel Week, will be declared the winner of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.

October 7 in the Swedish capital will be announced decision of the Nobel Committee for Physics, October 8 – in chemistry. October 10 in Oslo Peace Prize laureate will be called. Winner of the “Prize for Economics Nobel Memorial”, established by the Bank of Sweden in 1968, will be determined on 13 October. The Swedish Academy, the Nobel Committee which decides on the award of the prize in literature, while the date is not announced, but according to tradition it occurs in one of the Thursdays in October, reports Tass.

In his will, Alfred Nobel instructed choice winner in Physiology or Medicine at the Karolinska Institute in Stockholm, founded in 1810, and is now one of the leading educational and academic medical centers in the world. Created with him the Nobel Committee consists of five permanent members, which, in turn, have the right to invite experts for consultation.

Nobel committees until the last moment did not report any of the applicants themselves for the award, nor on those who put forward, but the experts are trying to make their own assumptions about the stored secret names.

This year, as before, one of the favorites is called discovery receptor responsible for the sensation of pain, heat and cold, American David Julius of the University of California at San Francisco. His works bring new ideas and opportunities to create drugs from chronic pain.

Emanuel Charpentier from the Swedish University of Umea with Jennifer Doudney University of California, Berkeley, may be awarded for the study of direct repeats found in the DNA of many bacteria (CRISPR-Cas9), which allow to “repair” the defective genes and give us hope that in the future doctors will be able to treat hereditary diseases.

The chances of reward also have studied the processes involved in the synthesis of RNA enzymes American Robert Roeder, as well as researchers from the United States, Charles Lee, Stephen Scherer and Michael Uiglera for work on the relationship between genetic characteristics and the occurrence of diseases and Alfred Knudson, has already received a lot of awards for revolutionary work in the field of pediatric oncology.

Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2013 were scientists from the United States, James Rothman, Randy Thomas and Shekman Zyudhof for the discovery of “a mechanism of regulation of vesicular traffic, the main transport system in our cells ».

Over the past 20 years, the award in this category was awarded to 44 men and five women, whose average age is 63 years. The youngest of them was 46-year-old Craig Mello (2006), the oldest – 85-year-old Robert Edwards (2010). Statistics show that most of the premium received, scientists with the name Paul and Robert (three times), and John Martin, Richard, Peter, Eric (twice).

The largest number of laureates work in North America – (22 people). For Europe, the figure is 21 people, Australia, Asia and Africa – one person. The most “titled” in this regard research center – Rockefeller University in New York American, which employs three Nobel Prize winners.