Ministry of Health reported a reduction of smokers in Russia at 16-17%. These figures are impressive at first glance, with its scale and perplexed, they say, as a few months it was possible to achieve such targets. But closer examination it turned out that we are talking about numbers in five years, and these numbers in order of magnitude can be compared with the results of anti-smoking measures in the EU and the United States.
The Ministry of Health reported a reduction of smokers in Russia . “Russia is pursuing an active anti-tobacco campaign, received one of the toughest anti-smoking laws in the world, and this step has already brought significant benefits: since the start of the campaign the number of people who use tobacco, decreased by 16-17%, – Axelrod said Svetlana , Director of Department of International Cooperation and Public Relations Ministry of Public Health, at a press conference organized jointly with the Special Representative of the Russian Federation in the WHO’s Dr. Luigi Migliorini. – All this is Russia’s contribution to the global medical practice, a learning experience, which can be translated into other countries and regions ».
As clarified “the Newspaper” in the Ministry of Health, the data that led Axelrod – are the results of a sociological survey ARCSPO in 2009 and 2014.
«On June 1, 2013 Act came into force. Until 2014 was one limitation, from June 1 – Other – recalled Nikolai Kononov, vice president of the League of health of the nation – one of the initiators of the anti-smoking law, adopted in Russia. – Perhaps now it is clear that effective measures ».
According to Kononov, when compared with other countries where tobacco control measures have been introduced, such a drop is logical:” We have taken the first steps in the fight against tobacco use. It is necessary that every citizen is a citizen knew that here, here and here are non-smoking and it relies for such an effect – a fine, penalty. There must be an understanding of civil society ».
According to the expert,” we should expect and hope for the further drop in the number of smokers in Russia “:” But we can not be complacent, it is necessary to strengthen the information policy in this area, to keep under control, especially on the part of NGOs, it’s a great force, and need the support of the executive authorities.
International experience – it’s important. They go ahead on measures exposure is continuously monitored.
And with side incentives, and by punishments. It is very important for our country. Preventive maintenance of a healthy lifestyle in the first place to reduce the impact of diseases which arise in connection with smoking, and in other cases ».
According to current projections, which are listed in review published in The New England Journal of Medicine in 2014 under the direction of Professor of Medical Statistics, University of Oxford, Richard Peto , for the XXI century smoking will kill about 1 billion people, and they will die before they reach 70 years of age. And the average smoker because of the addiction loses about 20 years of his life. In particular, it concerns countries with low and middle income countries. At the same time, mortality from smoking in developed countries is expected to decrease as a result of effective tobacco control policies.
In general, tobacco is the main source of non-communicable diseases in humans.
Despite the fact that in the middle of the XX century leaders in the number of smokers were only the United Kingdom and the United States, now two-thirds of smokers live in China, India, the European Union, Indonesia, the United States, Russia, Japan, Brazil, Bangladesh and Pakistan .
One of the main indicators of the success of measures to combat smoking is the ratio of smokers and ex-smokers among the population of middle age. In the United States and EU countries the ratio between the two groups is almost equal. One of the main tasks of Russia – to achieve similar performance.
In the period from 2008 to 2012 in many countries actively implemented anti-smoking laws.
And it should be stated their success: in the European Union have stopped smoking about 49% of people in the United States and the percentage (it is defined simply: the number of former smokers divided by the sum of current smokers with the former), and even higher and is equal to 55.
A little more modest in the field of anti-smoking Japanese successes: there cigarettes declined about 36% of the population.
As for the less developed countries, the situation is not so rosy. During this period, stopped smoking 15% of Chinese (which, incidentally, may be equal to the entire population of Japan), 13% of Indians and 11% of Indonesians. Russia has refused to tobacco during this period 21% of the population, while in Brazil – as much as 53%.
The statistics refer to the population aged 45-63 years. For people whose age was 15 years or more, the exact figures set a little more complicated, but in the report, these figures are, and to determine the percentage of them gave up smoking can be. For the EU, the figure is 42% for the United States – 52%, Japan – 33%.
For Russia, this figure is 17.5%, ie there is a good correlation with the results of the survey ARCSPO.
The main negative consequence of smoking – is the emergence of cancer. Lung cancer in the world has the highest mortality rate, and, for example, in North America and Western Europe over the last 20 years managed to achieve a sharp reduction in mortality from the disease .
«The most effective measure to prevent cancer – it’s not smoking, – said in an online interview with” Gazeta. Ru » Professor David Zaridze. – If you do not smoke – thank God, you have little risk of developing cancer. If you smoke – you have the risk of cancer is very high. 35% of all cancers are directly related to smoking is the main cause. Smoking causes lung cancer, oral cavity cancer, pharyngeal cancer, laryngeal cancer, esophageal cancer and so forth, 15 cancers. Taking the amount of smoking is responsible for 35% of all forms of cancer. Therefore, quitting smoking is a major factor ».
No comments:
Post a Comment