American scientific journal described the most important technical and scientific achievements of the popular 12 months
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This year was the breakthrough in the science of the landing module “Fila” comet 67P / Churyumov-Gerasimenko. Just magazine said more number of discoveries: scientific work on the evolution of birds from the time of the dinosaurs, research in the field of gerontology, where he was discovered by a factor GDF11, which rejuvenates the heart and stimulates the appearance of neurons in the brain. The magazine said the discovery of wall paintings in the caves of the island of Sulawesi, which has about 40 000 years. However, this is not all scientific work in 2014 …
Photo: Sergey Kirdina
Scientific caricature: “Fila” on the comet.
The number one – landing robot “Fila” comet Churyumov – Gerasimenko. Ten-year journey through the 6.5 billion km using the gravitational field of the Earth and Mars. Study the comet may shed light on how life began in the universe.
The second place. Scientists took a lot of time to analyze the emergence of birds after the era of the dinosaurs, and make scientific findings about how tyrannosaurs turned into flexible and graceful swans hummingbirds.
The third position. Studies have proven that the blood test young mice can rejuvenate muscles and brain of old rodents. These ideas will help fight the destructive process of human aging.
The fourth paragraph. Automated machines of artificial intelligence can operate without any control, which is undoubtedly an important first step on their way to world domination.
Fifth. Computer engineers created the first large-scale chips for processing information such complex processes occurring in the human brain. Unlike computers, good human brain seeks to address major challenges that integrate large amounts of data. This software will replace the most powerful computers and make a new technological revolution.
The sixth achievement. Scientists have discovered a prehistoric graffiti in the caves of the island of Sulawesi in Indonesia, whose age is at least 40 thousand. Years. This ancient art.
On the seventh line rating – scientists managed to turn embryonic stem cells into cells, similar to the beta cells of the immune mechanism, especially important in the fight against diabetes of the first type.
Further, scientists have learned to manage specific fragments of memory experiments with rodents, switching the brain activity of mice with laser beams of light. Scientists were able to change the actual perception of emotional memories, turning the bad moments in the life of a good and vice versa.
The ninth – a miniature satellites series Cubesat side area not exceeding 10 square meters. see ten years ago to work as a teaching tool for students, and this year a record number of desyatisantimetrovyh boxes out into space.
At the end of everything. All life on Earth from the genetic information is encoded using four letters of DNA: A, T, G and C. In this, scientists have added to them two more – X and Y. The researchers created new bases of DNA in the laboratory, expanding the genetic code of life and open up the door to the creation of new species of microorganisms.
At the same time, the list includes not all scientific work in 2014. As noted by the chief editor of Science Marcia McNutt, it is likely that in the future a major breakthrough this year, called discovery, which was not mentioned in the lists of the best of the best.
Last year, the National Geographic Society US notes 5 most important Achievements in 2013: it was found surprisingly large number of exoplanets, which could theoretically support life; scientists from the University of Oregon had finally managed to clone stem cells embryos; “Voyager 1″ was the first man-made object, which came into interstellar space; Mars was found dry lake that billions of years ago could support life; one of the most significant developments in genetics, genome sequencing has become the oldest person detection, member of the species Homo sapiens.
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