TASS-DOSSIER / Inna Klimacheva /. July 5, 2016 went into orbit of Jupiter Juno American automatic interplanetary station ( “Juno.” – reading English name Juno). It took about five years to reach the planet.
Juno was the second spacecraft launched from Earth (launched in August 2011), which managed to reach the orbit of Jupiter. The first was an American unit Galileo ( “Galileo”), went into orbit the planet in 1995.
Jupiter
- Jupiter -. The fifth planet of the Solar System , the structure -. gas giant
- The average distance from the Sun is about 779 million km
- The diameter of the planet at the equator -. about 143 thousand km
- Jupiter.. about 317 times the size of Earth and 2.5 times more massive than all the planets of the solar system together.
- Named in honor of the supreme god in the Greco-Roman mythology.
- The first study planet with a telescope conducted in 1610 by the Italian astronomer Galileo Galilei, he discovered the four largest satellites of Jupiter (later named Io, Europa, Ganymede and Callisto).
- Total Jupiter recorded 67 satellites, most of them . in diameter, less than 10 km
project History
The name of the probe Juno borrowed from Greco-Roman mythology: Juno was called the wife of the god Jupiter. According to legend, in order to conceal their misdeeds Jupiter enveloped himself a veil of clouds. However, this did not prevent his wife to watch the Jupiter Olympus mountain, look inside the veil and see the true essence of a spouse.
Work on the project conducted by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA, NASA) Since June 2005 , in the framework of the “New frontier” (New frontiers program). The spacecraft was manufactured by Lockheed Martin ( “Lockheed Martin”; Bethesda, Maryland).
The scientific management of the project carries Caltech (California Institute of Technology; Pasadena, California). Flight Control interplanetary spacecraft conducted at the Center for Space Flight. George Marshall (Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, Alabama).
The total project budget was estimated in 2008 at about $ 1 billion, more recent information is not published.
The purpose of mission – to understand the origin of Jupiter, to test the hypothesis of the presence of his hard core, to establish the nature of the aurora on the planet, to obtain data on its magnetic field, explore the atmosphere
The project site: http://www.missionjuno.swri.edu
Features
The spacecraft has the shape of a hexagonal prism. Height – 3.5 m, diameter – about 3.5 m, weight – 3 thousand 625 kg.. Equipped with three solar panels (each of length 8.9 m). Total power output – 490 watts at the start of the mission, and 420 watts at the time of its completion
On board the Juno is nine scientific instruments, including a microwave radiometer, which will be able to conduct research of deep layers of the atmosphere – up to 500 km.; with it is planned to obtain data on the amount of water and ammonia in the atmosphere of Jupiter. The instrument is also set for a precise analysis of the magnetic field of the planet and study its poles, color camera with a resolution of 1 thousand. 600 per 1 thousand. 200 pixels.
In addition, the on-board automatic station is a plaque with the image of Galileo and inscribed with the words learned about the opening of objects, which subsequently became known as the Galilean satellites.
Run and fly
The launch interplanetary station was carried out August 5, 2011 from the spaceport at Cape Canaveral (Florida) by a rocket Atlas V ( “Atlas-5″).
In October 2013 he was held with gravity assist flyby of the Earth to accelerate the spacecraft. As a result, the rate of Juno increased to 40 thousand. Km / h.
July 5, 2016, after almost five years of traveling interplanetary probe to Jupiter approached and entered the orbit of the planet.
It is expected that Juno will be in polar orbit of Jupiter height of 4-5 thousand kilometers in 20 months -. to February 2018 during this time, the probe must make 37 revolutions around the planet. At the end of the mission he has come out of orbit and burn up in the atmosphere of Jupiter.
Research Jupiter other spacecraft
Before the interplanetary Juno station only spacecraft released into orbit Jupiter was the Galileo ( “Galileo”, USA). It was launched in 1989 aboard the US space shuttle Atlantis ( “Atlantis”) and reached the planet in 1995. Until 2003, Galileo studied the planet and its large moons, moving from one orbit to another. In addition, the spacecraft was released into the atmosphere of Jupiter probe, which descended by parachute, transmitting data over an hour, until it collapsed due to the pressure.
In addition to the Galileo, around Jupiter flew another 7 spacecraft all were created in the United States. Pioneer 10 ( “Pioneer 10″) in 1973 was at a distance of 132 thousand. Km of the planet (data were obtained on the composition of the atmosphere, verified by the mass of Jupiter, etc.).
A year later, in 1974 city, Pioneer’s 11, flying at a distance of about 40 thousand. km, was able to transmit detailed images of Jupiter. In 1979, near the planet passed the Voyager 1 ( “Voyager-1″) and Voyager 2, then the Ulysses ( “Yulissez” – English reading named Ulysses;. Twice – in 1992 and 2004.) And the Cassini ( “Cassini” ., 2000)
The last came closer New horizons ( “New horizons”, “New horizons”) following to Pluto, interplanetary spacecraft in February 2007, he made a gravity assist in the vicinity of Jupiter and photographed it
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