anti-Semitic propaganda is widespread in Germany 30th – 40th years of the twentieth century, still has an impact on the mood of society, scientists have found. Analysis of public opinion, shows the attitude of the Germans toward the Jews, showed that many residents of Germany, was born in the third decade of the last century, still believe that people are born unequal.
Many researchers believe that at the beginning of the XXI century anti-Semitism reached its peak since the Second World War. Organizations devoted to the study of anti-Semitism – Kantor Center for the Study of Contemporary European Jewry, Institute for the Study of Contemporary Anti-Semitism and Racism, annual fixed increase in the number of anti-Jewish speeches around the world. January 22, 2015 issue of anti-Semitism was first considered by the General Assembly of the United Nations.
One of the most violent and well-known examples of the persecution of Jews in the twentieth century is the Holocaust – the persecution and the mass destruction of the Jews living in Germany in the years 1933-1945, and in the territories occupied by Germany during World War II.
But do not believe that there was anti-Semitism in Germany, together with Nazism. According to the research of the Association for the Study of Jewish Communities in the Diaspora, especially the active promotion of anti-Semitism in Germany began in the 70s of XIX century. That’s when the country appeared the party to appeal for legal and social isolation of the Jews.
In 1879, Adolf Stoecker became the leader of a political party, the basis for the creation of which – for the first time in the world – was the anti-Semitic ideology, and only four years of its representatives won seats in the Reichstag.
In 1881, the Reichstag was filed signed by 250 thousand. people petition, which consisted of a requirement limiting the rights of German Jews and ban their entry into Germany. In the early twentieth century, anti-Semitism became part of the ideological base of the German National Socialism: April 1, 1920, a formal program of the National Socialist German Workers Party (NSDAP), which stated: «German citizen can only be one who belongs to German nation, in whose veins flows the blood of German, regardless of religious affiliation. Thus, no Jew can be attributed to the German nation, and is a German citizen ».
During the Third Reich, special attention was paid to the education of children and youth in the spirit of the country’s official ideology. Advocacy conducted both during school hours and during extracurricular activities: all have reached the age of ten boys were required to register in the Imperial Youth headquarters. If a child is tested to “racial purity”, he became a member of the Hitler Youth – the youth organization of the NSDAP.
Members of the Hitler Youth were required to listen to the course of German history, political geography, population policy, and acquainted with the theories that justify the superiority of the German race over all others. Children were given special tutorial 45 of 105 pages of which were devoted to racial issues. Alfons Heck, a German, who at the end of World War II, served as one of the managers of the Hitler Youth, says:
«We were 5-6 years old, we did not have a clue neither of freedom nor of the Weimar Republic. NSDAP more than any other political party, understand that the future in the hands of those who control the children. We swallowed daily servings of ideological precepts as well as a glass of milk in the morning ».
Researchers Nico Voygtlender the University of California and Hans-Joachim Voth of the University of Zurich have found exactly how propaganda against children the third decade of the twentieth century, influenced their adult life and views. Scientists published their findings in the journal PNAS.
In the study of experts, which took place in two waves – in 1996 and 2006 – was attended by 5,300 Germans living in 264 cities of Germany. People are invited to express their opinion on seven statements, assessing them on a scale from 1 to 7 (“1″ means strongly disagree, “7″ – complete agreement). The statements contained various statements about the attitude towards the Jews.
As a result of it was found out that 17% of respondents (regardless of age) considered that the Jews are to blame for the fact that the authorities of the various countries they were persecuted. More than a quarter of respondents (25.7%) said they would not be happy if their son or daughter will connect their lives with a representative of the Jewish people, and 21.5% of the people and at all said that Jews should not have equal rights with the Germans.
Under the definition of “anti-Semite” get the people who appreciated by 6 or 7 points the following statements: “Jews have too much power in the world”, “The Jews themselves are partly to blame for the fact that they were persecuted,” ” Jews speculates his position of “victim” to get financial benefits. ”
According to these criteria, the anti-Semites were found 4% of the German population.
However, the most surprising discovery was the following fact: people born in 30s of the twentieth century, a negative attitude toward Jews in 2-3 times more often than those who was born in another decade. The study’s authors attribute this to the fact that during the Third Reich, the Germans usually were aged 5-10 years: that’s when children are most susceptible to various information received from the outside.
In addition, the scientists assure that survived and geographical distribution of anti-Semitic ideas in the country. Regions where the propaganda of the first half of the twentieth century has been the most active, still have a high intolerance to the representatives of the Jewish people.
% These findings demonstrate the stability of the researchers, which have imposed the ideology of the society, as well as the way in which education of young children may affect the future of an entire country.
One of the former members of the Hitler Youth says:
«Those who are born under Nazism, there was only one chance: the parents will be bold enough to withstand the pressure and be able to convey their attitude to children. But there was not enough …. ”
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