Russia, Ukraine and France was accused of enrichment at the expense of emissions and subsequent emissions trading these substances under the Kyoto Protocol. “Times” to understand, how things are in the market trading and why Russia will continue to sell no more than 2% of the quota is not used up to 2013, as well as what happens to the agreement – a successor to the Kyoto Protocol.
Russia, Ukraine and France was accused of enrichment at the expense of emissions and subsequent emissions trading these substances under the Kyoto Protocol. “Times” to understand, how things are in the market trading and why Russia will continue to sell no more than 2% of the quota is not used up to 2013, as well as what happens to the agreement – a successor to the Kyoto Protocol.
The Kyoto Protocol – an international agreement on the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions to curb global warming, signed in 1997 in Kyoto, Japan. It is an additional document to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. The Protocol entered into force on February 16 2005 after when it is ratified by the country, the total quota for which the emission of greenhouse gases, as of 1990, more than 55%.
As called carbon credits involves the issuance of certificates for the release of ton of carbon dioxide or any other gas in another volume, the effect of which on the Earth’s atmosphere equivalent to that of a ton of CO2. If any industry or country exceeded the quota of emissions that put him on the Kyoto Protocol, it is obliged to redeem the carbon credits in an appropriate amount. Accordingly, if some industrial enterprise has introduced improvements in the production process and reduce emissions, it may receive a certificate, and then resell his partner, taking care less about the environment.
The benefit is obvious for all. Industry reduces the amount of emissions through the introduction of new, more environmentally beneficial technologies and at the same time receiving additional funding for its further development.
This strategy, apparently, it was to reduce greenhouse gas emissions into the environment, but according to new research, in reality, everything turned out exactly the opposite.
As the author of the new work, the culprit – a loophole in the joint implementation of the Kyoto Protocol, which 
enabled many countries to earn and sell carbon credits, which turned out to be unreal.
Moscow and Kiev have not fulfilled their obligations to reduce emissions of pollutants, resulting in the EU has developed an excessive amount of carbon dioxide total mass of 400 million tons, which is equivalent sold quotas worth over two billion dollars (at current market prices ), experts say. Other countries, such as Germany and Poland, noted the authors of the study as the most accurate performers undertaken in the framework of the Kyoto Protocol commitments.
As the cause of non-compliance with Russia and Ukraine, the Kyoto agreement experts call the lack of control by outside observers. In case of extension of the agreement the parties concerned need to develop mechanisms to control greenhouse gas emission reductions participants who trade their quotas, the researchers explain.
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