«From the Soviet Information” – these lines are used to hearing in the war years, the citizens of the USSR. News was founded June 24, 1941 – a few days after the attack of the German troops to the country. The initiative to create the main propaganda organ came from the Party Central Committee. “Lighting in the press and on radio international events, war on the fronts, and the life of the country” – it is this task before the newly created News
«not miss.. Do not miss. Kill »
<-! Place 8312963, / science ™ / 2016/06 / 18_a_8312963.shtml, nm2015 / v2 / article / incut, incut3_link ->
The Soviet Information Bureau consisted of several departments – the military, the translation, international, propaganda. In the literary department worked famous writers of those times – Roots Chukovsky, Mikhail Sholokhov, Boris Polevoy, Alexander Fadeyev, Valentin Kataev, Alexei Tolstoy, Ilya Ehrenburg. Last in the beginning of the war published an article entitled “Kill” and thus became the founder of a propaganda slogan “Kill the Germans.” «We have understood: the Germans are not people – Ehrenburg wrote. – From now on, the word “German” for us the most terrible curse. From now on the word “German” discharges the gun. Let’s not talk. We will not be indignant. We will kill. If you do not kill for a day at least one German, your day is gone. If you think that for you Germans kill your neighbor, you do not understand the threat.
If you do not kill the Germans, the Germans will kill you. He will take your loved ones and will torment them in their wretched Germany.
If you can not kill a German bullet, kill a German bayonet. If your site lull, if you are waiting for the battle, kill a German before the fight. If you leave the Germans to live, hang German Russian man and Russian woman disgrace. If you kill one German, kill another – for us there is nothing more fun German corpses. Do not count days. Do not count miles. Think of one thing: the Germans killed thee. Kill the Germans! – It asks old mother. Kill the Germans! – It begs you child. Kill the Germans! – It screams native land. Do not miss. Do not miss. . Kill »
However, perhaps the slogan appeared not because of article Ehrenburg, and thanks to a poem by Konstantin Simonov,” Kill him, “includes the following lines:
If you do not want to give
German with his black gun
house where you lived, his wife and mother,
All that we call homeland, –
Know: no it will not save,
If you do not save it;
Know that no one would kill,
If you did not kill
The new numbers, in other words
. Joseph Stalin wanted to be sure all of the Soviet Information Bureau reports delivered to him personally. Sometimes the leader personally rewrote the summary by changing important details. «Once in the hard days on the front I met Zhukov and Vasilevsky Stalin’s reception, – recalled the party leader Vladimir mug. – They expect to receive, and I a summary of the Soviet Information Bureau, which he suffered for his signature. They say hello, and went and waiting. I sit on a chair, and they are quietly whispering. Summary delayed. Poskrebyshev at his desk answers the phone. Strained, like a string …
Finally, the sharp ring of the office. A minute later Poskrebyshev appears with paper. On the move sees it and says, Zhukov and Vasilevsky:
– Comrade Stalin talking on HF will have to wait another
, and transmit reports to me.. She was ischerkana. New figures other words. Paper examines Zhukov and Vasilevsky.
They know what summary went to Stalin, and carefully look at his editing. For information gave the General Staff.
Zhukov stress frowns and then filled with paint as if it was caught in a lie, his face inscrutable Vasilevsky. Without a word, the two silently moving away from me, »
. <-! Place 8089385, / science ™ / 2016/02 / 25_a_8089385.shtml, nm2015 / v2 / article / incut, incut4_link ->
It Stalin appointed chief propaganda mouthpiece – it was the state and party leader Alexander Shcherbakov, who dies of a massive heart attack on the night of May 10, 1945. During the war, Shcherbakov was also requested to become Chief of the General Political Department of the Red Army.
Shcherbakov control the content of reports on the status of Soviet forces, work in factories, the success of guerrilla groups. These reports were read on the radio, they go to the newspapers and magazines. It has been reported is not about all the events of the war, such as the Soviet Information Bureau did not tell the people to surrender Kiev. In addition, people are not reported on the catastrophic situation of the Red Army in the early months of the war, the error of the Soviet leadership, of deserters and speculators, on the anti-Soviet leaflets, “Down with the collective farms” and “Down with Communists».
Broadcast from Moscow can not
All messages written dry honed language. “The heroic feat made squadron commander Captain Gastello. The shell hit the enemy anti-aircraft guns in the gasoline tank of his plane. Fearless commander sent a plane in flames on a cluster of cars and gasoline enemy tanks. Dozens of German vehicles and tanks exploded along with the plane of the hero “- a succinct message, for example, heard from their loudspeakers Soviet citizens in July 1941.
According to Konstantin Simonov, reports specially written stingy language so as not to upset. country description details the terrible war. On the radio the voice of a man who had a unique tone of voice, – Yuri Levitan
As a child, Levitan often asked to call friends for lunch..
«Guys-and-ah, eat-and-a-amb”, – spoke next speaker, and all at once threw their games and ran home
.
during the war, Yuri Levitan first broadcast from Sverdlovsk, and then – in Kuibyshev. In Moscow work was not possible – fearing that the radio tower will be an excellent reference point for Nazi bombers, the Soviet government ordered them to dismantle
After the war, Levitan will inform the whole world about the first human flight into space, and will read texts in the annual transfer. “Blessed memory of those who fell in the struggle against fascism. A minute of silence. ” Radio died of a heart attack in 1983 during a meeting with veterans of the Battle of Kursk. At that time, Levitan was only 68 years old.
It is better to die at home than to live and suffer here
In summary Sovinformburo often included quotations from letters prisoners of the Germans, their words during interrogation . «The soldiers often enter into a dispute with the commanders, often refuse to carry out their orders. Among the officers, many cowards. On the eve of battle, they pretend to be ill », – of such confessions of a German soldier learned the entire Soviet Union May 9, 1942. «I must say that I have never ever experienced such fear, as in a forest, where the guerrillas were hiding. Other soldiers and officers felt no better », – but these words captured German corporal were read on radio 5 June 1943
<-.! Place 7930475, / science / 2015/12 / 05_a_7930475 .shtml, nm2015 / v2 / article / incut, incut5_link ->
also in 1943 the Soviet Information Bureau through the entire country learned that the girl Nastya, forcibly taken away to labor in Germany, wrote to her mother:
«Hello, my dear mother! I’m still alive, but my health is deteriorating. Work force from early morning until late at night. Everyone who came here, very bad. We were chased like dogs. Bread give some wood. We drove here from Russia to the death. Not a step is not released without an escort. And at work, and we sit in the barracks as if in a prison. Once a day, give the soup. This is not soup, and pork mess. Breakfast and dinner there, work and live the way you want. Here, before the hard, that life has grown hateful. I’d rather die at home than to live and suffer here, where over us scoff and think of the people. »
By the end of the war the Soviet Information Bureau is increasingly aired statements themselves veterans and home front workers from different cities. For example, May 1, 1945 Soviet citizens learned about the next call oilman Aliyev Baku:
«Friends! Over Berlin flies the banner of our victory. The days of Nazi Germany are numbered. We, the workers of the rear, Stalin called persistent and tireless work to multiply all-round assistance to the front. We gave over the April plan for 11 thousand tons of oil. We will work even better. Let us give the front and the country even more fuel »
« This is -. Mount each of us »
In 1944, the beginning of the Information Bureau to distribute materials to foreign countries. Articles sent to other countries were subjected to strict censorship, and not all authors allowed to write notes for foreigners.
PET Europeans quickly became Ilya Ehrenburg, wrote poignant lyrics about life at the front and in the rear. For example, an excerpt from his article written in April 1945 and translated into foreign languages: «There is something stupid and disgusting at the end of the Third Reich: swaggering graffiti and white cloths, heart-rending cries Gauleiter and obsequious smile, wolves -oborotni with knives and wolves in sheep’s clothing. In vain gangsters recently ruled almost the whole of Europe, called themselves “ministers” or “field marshals”, they were and still are gangsters.
Not the preservation of German cities, they think, and its skin every hour of their lives paid the lives of thousands of their compatriots
We have never been racist.. The head of our state said the world: not for hitting the wolf, being gray, but for the fact that he ate the sheep. The winners, we are not talking about a wolf suit. But the sheep we say and we say:. It – longer than the life, it is – a mountain of each of us »
By the way, in 1966, Ilya Ehrenburg to sign a letter against the rehabilitation of the legendary leader. «Stalin’s rehabilitation in any form would be a disaster for our country and for the cause of communism», -., Said Ehrenburg about the deceased ruler
After the war, the Soviet Information Bureau continued its activities – it is lit up domestic and foreign policy of the USSR abroad. A January 5, 1961 decision of the Central Committee of the Communist Party propaganda mouthpiece has been eliminated. Instead, he had a print “news” agency, which was established on the basis of RIA “Novosti”. Then – RAMI “RIA Novosti”, today – the agency «Russia today»
.
No comments:
Post a Comment