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The real puzzle for linguists and historians of Russian literature planted archaeologists. During excavations in Novgorod they found birch bark with the unknown is still the word. For deciphering the ancient text come from linguists. Their investigation revealed that the mysterious ancient Russian word turned accusatory, abusive. Details we have found out from the experts.
birch bark 1082, which found a mysterious word “posak”. Photo courtesy of the Novgorod Museum Reserve
As we were told in the press service of the Novgorod Museum Reserve, an interesting discovery was made in the Trinity excavation. It is located in the so-called Lyudin late medieval Novgorod. There are already many years working Novgorod archeological expedition.
As told archaeologists, birch bark they managed to dig out June 22. Nakhodka assigned identification number 1082. Historians have dated artifact of the first half of the 14th century. When the letter unfolded, it turned out that its content is limited to just one line: “UOV ORTIMIE UO POSAKA THREE BEREKOVESEKE”.
The text is preserved almost perfectly. On birch bark drawn by convolution clearly visible letters. But, despite this, scientists had pretty smash his head in order to understand the meaning of written in a medieval document
The only thing that was clear at once -. Record is evidence of a debt or dues. “Berekoveseke” or “berkovets” – common in that era measure of the weight of honey or corn. Equal pudam she was 10 (16.38 kg). We are talking about thirty poods of some goods.
But what or who is “posak”, scientists did not know. According to archaeologists, in any of the previously found birchbark documents even similar in spelling words are not met. Scientists joke that on hearing the mysterious words like “patsaks” from the movie George Danelia “Kin-Dza-Dza”. So clearly something negative.
Decrypt the value of the unknown word could philologist, academician Andrei Zaliznyak. As told museum staff, scientists have studied the features of the Pskov and Tver dialect. It turned out that “posak” – none other than as a crook or a thief
Now, scientists are inclined to believe that the text of the letters -. It is a complaint, in which he complains and complains that he had been robbed or fraudulently appropriated valuable property.
The philologists claim that slang variations on the theme of thieves, rogues and swindlers in the olden days were many. Here are just a few of them (we chose the most euphonious and decent) “blew”, “oblud”, “hmysten”. But for those who commit robbery with blood and riots, there was a word stronger than “snyagolov”. According to scientists, the so called thugs and other “valiant men” mostly in Perm and Vyatka province
And here is how at various times referred to those who wisely did not come out:. “Okoloten” “Dumbfounded” “trample” (in modern dolt), “Fofana” (dupe).
As the doctor of Philology, department head of the Institute of Russian Academy of Sciences Anatoly Baranov, understand the significance of the lost ancient words in several ways. The first – the context that suggests the meaning. The second method – search close in pronunciation of words in the dialects of neighboring areas or villages
-. Swearing and jargon very quickly goes from the lexicon, – said Baranov, – for them because there is no official rules and dictionaries. This applies not only to the old Russian said. the word “podkidchik” In the 18-19 centuries. So called petty fraudsters who tossed the victim of an object imperceptibly in a pocket, and then took an unfortunate turn in and “planted” in the money. Now the word is completely gone out of use. Even the classic ’70s – “Gherla” and “shoes” – hardly any of today’s youth will understand
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