March 25 in Dubna began construction of the NICA collider – BBC

March 25 launched a mega-project NICA (Nuclotron Ion Collider Acility) – in 2013 the project was among the six major research class projects megasayens with international participation on the territory of Russia

On March 22, the United. Institute for nuclear research (JINR) held a press conference on the bark was announced timing of

NICA collider is created on the basis of the Nuclotron accelerator, built in 1993. For future experiments are detectors MPD and BM @ N

The first will be located at the point of collision of beams of the collider NICA, the second -. The extracted beam ukoritelya Nuclotron. This unique installation is comparable in scale with the detectors of the Large Hadron Collider at the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN).

On Friday, the first building stone was laid on March 25. The first launch of the collider is scheduled for the end of 2017, first in order to be introduced detector BM @ N. Collider itself with MPD detector will work by the end of 2019. JINR Director Viktor Matveyev said that the project now involves 16 scientific institutions from Russia and 79 – from other countries. Cooperation agreements were signed with countries such as France, Germany, Italy, South Africa, India, the partnership with China is planned. President of the Russian Academy of Sciences Vladimir Forts also noted the importance of international cooperation in such projects: “This installation is not able to build a country. International collaboration in Dubna was always – and it is important that it is maintained. ” Forts stressed the importance of the NICA project, who, according to the president of Russian Academy of Sciences, “will give unique information about the early stages of the universe»

The main goal of this project -. Search for new states in the nuclear matter. To do this, the installation will be used, with optimal characteristics that will achieve maximum baryon density

According to modern theoretical concepts matter can be in several states:. Hadron, quark-gluon and so-called mixed phase consisting of a composition the first two conditions.

Quark-gluon matter and its move in the usual particle world can be recreated in experiments on accelerators by heavy ion collisions.

it does not need very high by today’s standards collision energy – only about 10 GeV. This is much less than the energy of the LHC collider and the relativistic heavy nuclei (the RHIC) at the Brookhaven National Laboratory, located near New York City (USA). For comparison, at the LHC are now undergoing a collision of proton beams with an energy of 8 TeV.

The authors call NICA project “of the universe in the laboratory.” “The main goal of the NICA project – studying the dense baryonic matter in the energy region where it reaches its maximum density, – said director of the Laboratory for High Energy Physics (VBLHEP) JINR Vladimir Kekelidze. – The second objective – the study of the spin structure of nucleons

We want to re-create a “mini-big bang” in the laboratory.. In the first milliseconds after the Big Bang was the formation of our world.

That was at the beginning – this quark-gluon plasma, the building blocks of the universe, who study at CERN. As these building blocks of the universe was born a world in which we live as any protons and neutrons, we want to recreate in our laboratory, pushing the atoms of gold. ” The Nobel Prize in Physics 2004, David Gross, who was present at the ceremony of the beginning of construction, also said he was impressed by the scale of the forthcoming investigations: “It will be interesting to understand how to behave quarks in the conditions of the early universe,” said the scientist

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This is not the only project on the study of baryonic matter in the world. The United States has put into operation an ion collider RHIC. However, it does not achieve the desired density of the baryon-like substance of a neutron star.

In Germany, developed the FAIR project. FAIR – collider is a fixed target, there particle beam impinges on the target with a portion of the energy is spent in movement of the system, resulting in energy losses. The NICA collider two beams collide, it is energetically favorable, however, difficult to accurately combine the beams to achieve high luminosity – high intensity decay signal

When asked by the Department of Science of help whether NICA project to shed light on. mysteries of dark energy and dark matter, Kekelidze said:

«Directly NICA project is not associated with these concepts, but as we will conduct experiments with high baryonic density, perhaps we will find that -So, sheds light on these questions. We are talking about dark matter, and not

dark energy. “According to the Vice-Director of JINR Richard Lednický, the NICA project cost is $ 500 million. 80% of the budget pays for Russia. NICA Draft International. Hardware and software developed by experts from Ukraine, Germany, Italy and other countries. In 2010, an agreement was signed with CERN on mutually beneficial cooperation.

At the same time, many of the components manufactured in Russia. JINR operates a plant for the manufacture of superconducting magnets, including for NICA.

The project has many innovative applications, in addition to basic science. JINR settings allow to investigate the effect of ion beams on the body of living beings. Develops hadron therapy – directed treatment of cancer

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